Sunday, July 30, 2023

How to buy car in Florida


How to buy car in Florida



  To buy a car in Florida,        follow these general steps:


Research: Determine the type of car you want and research different makes, models, and prices. Check online marketplaces, dealerships, and local listings.


Budget: Set a budget that includes not only the car's purchase price but also taxes, registration fees, insurance, and other associated costs.


Pre-Approval: If financing the purchase, get pre-approved for an auto loan from a bank or credit union to know your budget and interest rate.





















Test Drive: Visit dealerships or private sellers to test drive the cars you are interested in, ensuring they meet your preferences and requirements.


Vehicle History Check: If buying a used car, obtain a vehicle history report to check for any previous accidents or issues.



Negotiation: Bargain with the seller to get the best price. Be prepared to walk away if the deal doesn't meet your expectations.


Complete the Sale: Once you agree on a price, complete the necessary paperwork. If buying from a private seller, ensure you obtain a bill of sale and the vehicle's title.



Insurance: Obtain car insurance before driving the car off the lot or taking it on the road.


Registration: Visit your local Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles (DHSMV) office to register the car in your name and get license plates.


Pay Taxes: Pay any applicable sales tax and registration fees at the DHSMV office.

Remember, specific requirements and processes may vary depending on the dealership, private seller, or your personal circumstances. Always do your due diligence and follow Florida's regulations when buying a car.

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Saturday, July 29, 2023

Requirements for Online Universities in America



Requirements for Online Universities in America


           Requirements


As of my last update in September 2021, requirements for online universities in the US may vary depending on the specific institution and the program you're interested in. However, some common requirements include:

Admission Application: You'll need to submit an application through the university's website and provide personal information, academic history, and any relevant documents.


High School Diploma or Equivalent: Most online universities require a high school diploma or GED (General Educational Development) certificate for undergraduate programs.


Transcripts: You may need to submit official transcripts from any previous educational institutions you attended.




Standardized Test Scores: Some universities may require SAT or ACT scores for undergraduate admission.
























English Language Proficiency: If English is not your native language, you may need to demonstrate English language proficiency through tests like TOEFL or IELTS.


Prerequisite Courses: Certain programs may have specific prerequisite courses or academic qualifications needed for admission.




Letters of Recommendation: Some universities may request letters of recommendation from teachers, employers, or other individuals who can attest to your academic abilities and character.


Statement of Purpose or Essay: Often, you'll be asked to write an essay or statement of purpose explaining your academic and career goals.


Application Fee: Some universities require an application fee when you submit your application.

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Wednesday, July 19, 2023

Bsc in medical sciences

Bsc in medical sciences


 BSc in Medical Sciences


A Bachelor of Science (BSc) in Medical Sciences is an undergraduate degree program that focuses on providing students with a comprehensive understanding of various medical and health-related topics. The curriculum typically includes a combination of theoretical knowledge, practical laboratory work, and clinical experiences.

Here are some key aspects you might encounter in a BSc in Medical Sciences program:

Core Subjects: The program covers fundamental subjects like anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, pathology, and microbiology. These courses help students build a strong foundation in understanding the human body's structure and functions, as well as the basis of diseases and drug actions.


Health Sciences: Students may study topics related to public health, epidemiology, health promotion, and disease prevention. These subjects focus on understanding health-related issues at a broader population level.


Research Methodology: Many programs emphasize research skills, teaching students how to conduct scientific research, analyze data, and interpret findings. Research projects may be a mandatory part of the curriculum.


Clinical Exposure: Some programs may include clinical rotations or internships to provide students with hands-on experience in a healthcare setting. This exposure allows them to observe medical professionals and apply their theoretical knowledge in real-world scenarios.


Electives: Depending on the university or college offering the program, students may have the opportunity to select elective courses, enabling them to tailor their studies towards specific areas of interest, such as medical imaging, genetics, immunology, or neuroscience.































Health Ethics and Communication: Programs often include courses that cover medical ethics, patient communication, and professionalism in healthcare. These topics are essential for building ethical and effective healthcare practitioners.

It's important to note that a BSc in Medical Sciences is not a medical degree that qualifies you to practice as a doctor or healthcare provider. Instead, it lays the groundwork for further studies or career opportunities in various healthcare-related fields. Graduates of this program can pursue advanced degrees in medicine (MD), dentistry (DDS/DMD), pharmacy (PharmD), or optometry (OD), among other options. Additionally, some graduates may choose to work in research, healthcare administration, medical sales, or other healthcare-related industries.

If you're considering pursuing a BSc in Medical Sciences, research various universities and programs to find the one that best aligns with your interests and career goals.

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Bachelor degree in business administration



Bachelor degree in business administration

 Bachelor degree in
 business administration



Obtaining a Bachelor's degree in Business Administration is a popular choice for individuals interested in pursuing careers in various areas of business and management. This degree provides students with a broad understanding of business principles, management concepts, and analytical skills that are essential in today's competitive corporate environment.

During the course of a Business Administration degree, students typically study a wide range of subjects, including:Accounting: Learning about financial statements, bookkeeping, and managerial accounting.
Marketing: Understanding consumer behavior, market research, branding, and advertising.

Finance: Exploring financial markets, investment strategies, and corporate finance.
Management: Studying organizational behavior, leadership, and strategic management.

Economics: Analyzing microeconomics and macroeconomics principles.
Operations Management: Focusing on supply chain management and process optimization.
Business Law: Gaining knowledge of legal frameworks relevant to businesses.
Entrepreneurship: Exploring the process of starting and managing new ventures.






















Depending on the university or college offering the program, there might be additional specialized courses or concentration options available, such as international business, human resources, information technology, or sustainability.

The duration of a Bachelor's degree in Business Administration is typically around four years, though it may vary based on the program and the number of credits required.

After completing their degree, graduates can pursue a variety of career paths across different industries. Some common job opportunities include:Business Analyst
Marketing Coordinator
Financial Analyst
Human Resources Specialist
Management Trainee
Sales Representative
Operations Manager
Entrepreneur (starting their own business)

It's worth noting that while a Bachelor's degree in Business Administration can open doors to many entry-level positions and provide a solid foundation, many professionals in the business world also pursue advanced degrees (e.g., Master's in Business Administration/MBA) to further enhance their skills and career prospects.

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Learn courses in luxembourg


Learn courses in luxembourg

Luxembourg Learning Opportunities


Luxembourg offers a wide range of courses and educational opportunities for both residents and international students. The country is home to several prestigious universities and educational institutions that provide various academic programs and professional courses. Here are some options for learning courses in Luxembourg:

University of Luxembourg: The University of Luxembourg is the primary higher education institution in the country. It offers a variety of undergraduate and graduate programs across various disciplines, including business, economics, law, computer science, engineering, humanities, and social sciences.


Luxembourg School of Business (LSB): LSB is a private business school located in Luxembourg. It offers a range of programs, including a Master of Business Administration (MBA), Executive Education courses, and a Bachelor in International Business. LSB focuses on developing business leaders with a global perspective.


Luxembourg Lifelong Learning Center (LLLC): The LLLC provides a platform for continuous education and professional development. They offer a variety of courses and training programs in areas such as management, finance, marketing, leadership, project management, and language skills.

























Chamber of Commerce: The Chamber of Commerce in Luxembourg offers vocational training programs and courses in various fields, including finance, business administration, international trade, and marketing. These programs are designed to provide practical skills and knowledge for professional development.


Technical Secondary Schools: Luxembourg has several technical secondary schools that offer vocational and technical courses in fields such as information technology, engineering, mechanics, hospitality, and health sciences. These schools combine practical training with academic coursework.


Language Courses: Luxembourg is a multilingual country, with three official languages: Luxembourgish, French, and German. Various language schools and institutions provide language courses for beginners and advanced learners. Learning one or more of these languages can be beneficial for living and working in Luxembourg.

When considering learning courses in Luxembourg, it's advisable to research specific institutions, their accreditation, curriculum, and admission requirements. Additionally, check for any specific language requirements or prerequisites for the courses you're interested in.

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E-learning in Luxembourg




     Luxembourg E-learn


Luxembourg, being one of the most advanced and digitally oriented countries in Europe, has embraced e-learning and digital education. The Luxembourgish government has made significant efforts to promote e-learning initiatives and integrate technology in education to enhance the learning experience for students of all ages.

Here are some key aspects of e-learning in Luxembourg:






















Digital Infrastructure: Luxembourg has invested heavily in developing a robust digital infrastructure, including high-speed internet connectivity and access to digital devices. This ensures that students and teachers have the necessary tools and resources to engage in e-learning effectively.


Virtual Learning Platforms: Luxembourg has implemented various virtual learning platforms and learning management systems (LMS) to facilitate online education. These platforms provide a centralized space where students can access course materials, participate in discussions, submit assignments, and interact with their teachers and peers.


Distance Learning Programs: Luxembourg offers distance learning programs for students who cannot attend traditional brick-and-mortar schools. These programs allow students to access education remotely, providing flexibility and convenience, especially for those in remote areas or with specific needs.


Online Resources and Digital Libraries: Luxembourg promotes the use of online resources and digital libraries to support e-learning. Students and educators have access to a wide range of digital content, including e-books, research databases, educational websites, and multimedia resources. This allows for self-paced learning and encourages independent research.


Teacher Training and Support: Luxembourg provides professional development opportunities and training programs for teachers to equip them with the necessary skills and knowledge to effectively use e-learning tools and platforms. This helps ensure that teachers can deliver high-quality online instruction and engage students in a virtual environment.


Collaboration and Communication Tools: E-learning in Luxembourg utilizes various collaboration and communication tools to facilitate interaction and engagement among students and teachers. Video conferencing, discussion forums, instant messaging, and email enable real-time communication and collaboration, fostering a sense of community in the online learning environment.






























Assessment and Evaluation: Luxembourg has implemented online assessment and evaluation methods to measure student progress and learning outcomes. Online quizzes, tests, and assignments are used to evaluate students' knowledge and skills. Additionally, digital portfolios and project-based assessments are often employed to assess students' abilities to apply what they have learned.

It's important to note that the specific implementation and features of e-learning in Luxembourg may vary across different educational institutions and levels of education. However, the country's commitment to leveraging technology for education ensures that e-learning is widely embraced and integrated into the education system.

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Luxembourg School of Business


Luxembourg School of Business

     Luxembourg Business


The Luxembourg School of Business (LSB) is a leading business school located in Luxembourg. It offers a range of graduate programs, executive education courses, and research opportunities in the field of business and management.

LSB was established in 2014 as a joint initiative between the government of Luxembourg and a consortium of international business schools, including Sacred Heart University in Connecticut, USA. The school aims to provide high-quality education and research in the heart of Europe, known for its vibrant business and financial environment.

The programs offered by LSB include a Master of Business Administration (MBA), Executive MBA, Master of Science (MSc) in Finance, Master in Wealth Management, and a Doctorate in Business Administration (DBA). These programs are designed to cater to the needs of working professionals and students seeking advanced business education.





























In addition to its academic programs, LSB also offers executive education courses, customized training programs for organizations, and conducts research in collaboration with academic and industry partners. The school's faculty comprises experienced academics and industry practitioners who bring a wealth of knowledge and expertise to the classroom.

LSB's location in Luxembourg provides students with a unique opportunity to engage with the local business community and benefit from its global perspective. Luxembourg is a hub for finance, technology, and European institutions, making it an ideal place for business education and networking.

Overall, the Luxembourg School of Business aims to foster a collaborative and intellectually stimulating environment that prepares students for successful

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Tuesday, July 18, 2023

Australia scholarship


Australia scholarship

     Australia Scholarship



Australia offers a range of scholarships to both domestic and international students. These scholarships are provided by the Australian government, educational institutions, and other organizations. Here are some of the major scholarship programs available in Australia:

Australia Awards: These are prestigious scholarships funded by the Australian government. They are primarily aimed at students from developing countries and cover full tuition fees, travel expenses, living allowances, and other benefits.


Endeavour Scholarships and Fellowships: These scholarships are also funded by the Australian government and support high-achieving international students, researchers, and professionals to undertake study, research, or professional development in Australia.


























Research Training Program (RTP): This program provides scholarships to domestic and international students pursuing research-based postgraduate degrees (Master's by Research or Ph.D.) at participating Australian universities. The scholarships cover tuition fees and provide a living stipend.


University-specific scholarships: Australian universities often offer their own scholarships to attract talented students. These scholarships may be based on academic merit, financial need, or other criteria. You can visit the websites of specific universities to explore the scholarship opportunities they offer.


Australia-China Human Rights Technical Cooperation Program: This program provides scholarships for Chinese students to undertake a Master's degree in human rights at an Australian university.


Equity scholarships: These scholarships aim to support students from disadvantaged backgrounds, including Indigenous Australians, people with disabilities, and students from low-income families. They provide financial assistance and other support services.


Industry-specific scholarships: Various industries in Australia, such as agriculture, healthcare, and engineering, offer scholarships to students who wish to pursue careers in those fields. These scholarships often involve work placements or internships.

It's important to note that the availability, eligibility criteria, and application process for scholarships can vary. To obtain detailed and up-to-date information on scholarships in Australia, it is recommended to visit the official websites of relevant scholarship programs, Australian universities, and the Australian government's scholarship portal

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Thursday, October 28, 2021

Labarine Wanda Sunnansa "Trillion Amaal"

 



Labarine Wanda Sunnansa "Trillion Amaal"



Suna ganin yafita suka shiga dakin harsuna rige rige shiga, kwance suka sameta a yashe mutsima da kyar take iyayi, kinkimar ta sukai sukai ta dakinta nan akayi mata gashin ruwan zafi duk fuska kunbure duk kamaninta ya sauya, suhumaira sai dariyar mugunta suke, tana fara watsakewa tace wlh bazan yarda ba akan Yar aiki zaimin duka wlh sai nadauki mataki wlh kuma saina kira mom dita zai san waya doka. 

Humaira na dariya kasa kasa tace ma'ta "to aikinsan bro bazai doku ba ko kingayawa Aunty Shaheeda babu wani mataki da zata dauka dan itama tsoransa ta keji dan Ke da ita sai yayiwa rashin mutunci dan ba kunyarta ya keji ba, tunda anriga an zubar da mutunci a club, wani bama gujen zagi Salma ta ma'ta, duk rashin kunkyar da zaki karki zagi mamana , kuma dakika cewa club taje shima yaje abinda take shiyake to wazaiyiwa wani mummunanna kallo , ai kowa na sanjin dadi to mene aciki" Babu humaira tace, aike ma Yayarki aka kama da kato a makaranta kuma ta harkar basa.

Kai ya isheku marasa tarbiya, ko dai Allah ya wadaran naku ya lalace kowane bangare na dangi na zaune lfy duk da abin kunkyar kowa amma basa wannan haukan na ku suna zaune lfy sun rufawa kansu asiri amma banda ku marasa kunkya banza, Big Mom itace ke ingizamu wallahi duk yaran suka hada baki, tsaki taja, kada kudaina dan Allah yan iskan yara in bada maganar dana miji da yadda zaku kwanta dashi babu abinda kuke fada dudu shekarunku nawa ke da kike lekewa Amaal kinger mesa da shekara shida kina yarsa kince kina sansa yaki tunda har kika basa kanki wane kuma mutunci zaki da, daraja ai babu Yarikya dole kisha hulakanci da namiji, dakin kama kanki yaganki akamile da duk bazaiga wannan shekarun naki ba zai aure ki,amma wlh banda yanzo dan gani yake bashi kika farabawa wayasani ko ba a buduwa yasame ki ba dama kina tambadewarki awaje, tana wannan masifar tana hawasa bene inda dakinta yake dan taga idan tatsaya bakin ciki zai kasheta.













Shiru sukai sunsan Big Mom ranta yabace, da hartafara fada, suma barin dakin Salma sukai dan suna jin aushinta sosai.

Bantashi farkawa ba sai wajan daya na rana , mikewa nayi ina mamaki ganina kangado Amaal nayi dai-dai ina bacci, gefe na nakalla inda yake kwance yana baccinsa hankalin sa kwance ,da sauri na sakko ina dafe kuguna dakina na maza na tafi dan na tsorata da ganina kan gadonsa, bakin gado na zauna ina baida numfashi huya, tunin abinda yafaru jiya nayi, ina cikin wannan tunanin na kalli jikina, inda naga ba kyanda nasaka bane, rigar Amaal ce fara mai dugan hannu, rigar na daga naga da wando ajikina shi yanan na kayan dana sakane, yanzo ogane yaciremin riga, na shiga uku yagane min jiki sintire na hauyi cikin daki, ina tunanin wannan lamari, da naga abindai tunda yafaru to yazanyi gwara nayi abinda ya fisheni bandaki nashiga na kunna ruwa cikin Bahun wanka tare da cire kayana, ina tsaye nayi zigidir dani ina tattare gashi na naji anbanko kofa, banma gama tattacewa ya shigowa bandakin ko abune yafado ina kokarin juyawa naji anjanyo ni, "ke doctor yace bazakiyi wanka ba sai nan da sati saboda dinkin da akai miki sai dai kidinga goge jikinki da towel, idona zare yake fuskata nayi dauke da bakin cikin wannan lamari kamar zanyi kuka haka nake kallosa, ai kingane ko, kamar zanyi kuka na amsa" cikin alamar tambaya yace lafiya kike neman kuka ko dinki na miki zafine? Aiko yanayi to yazanyi ballema bayayi.

Ya mutse fuskayayi bangane ba wannan banzan amsan dakika bani?Aiko bazaka gane ba, kokarin bena yake da kallo na maza na saka hannu biyu na rufe masa ido, bama sai ka kalle ni ba wanda ma kayima ya isa, 'ke wai mene haka kike rufe min ido mai kuma na kalla yana neman banbare hannu na? Hankada sa waje nayi daka cikin ban dakin rufe kofar da karfi.

Numfashi na mayar ni dai bansan abinda ke damun Amaal ba, "ke wai mene haka naga yamiki karki wanka gwarama ki fito tunkan na balla kofar na shigo yana fada haka na ma za na mayar da kayana dan nasan zai aikata, da sauri na fito" tsaki yaja dalla fito kina wani buye jiki abu babu komai a kirji amma ana buye shi, duk ashafe yake kamar bangon dakin nan, rai na mabata adole ne ninaji haushi," fuska ya yamutse to karya nake hannusa ya kai kirjin gashi bakomai ajiki ya shafu kima kitaba kiji kitabatar da hakan hannu ya kama yadora akai aikinji babu komai amma sai wani babbuye jiki kike , dalla huce kije ki tayani hada kayana a trolley.


















To nace danni Amaal ya huce tunani na, ina zaune gefan gado shi kuma yana tsaye yana waya da yaransu , ina ta shirya kaya, akala na hada masa trolley uku na kaya ta hutunci nake saka turaruka, yana gama wayar , yauwa tunda mugama karasa min wannan bari nayi wanka na shirya sai kiyiwa direbana magana ya diba karki dauka fa," to nace ya huce yabarni, ni ina saka turarukan nidai kwai ina saka turarukan ne amma duk hankali yana kan tafiyar da zaiyi duk na damu sai naji babu dadi,, ina gama hadawa na kira drive awayar gida yazo yakwashe inan zaune har yafito cikin shiri, inda yasa kanan kaya babake sai dai kwai takalminsa ne kawai white, yana waya yana daura agogo.

Alamu yayi min da hannu alamar nagama ankai, kai na daga masa almar Eh ankai, murmusawa yayi, yayi min nuni da na biyoshi, babu musu na biyoshi yana tafe ina binsa abaya har kuma fito daka cikin gida," motoci ne sunfi Ashirin duka bodyguards dinsa ne kijiransa gashi anbude masa bayan mota ana jiransa, wayar yazare,rare da danne ta akirjinsa.









 









Yajuyo ya fuskance ni" Aara yauwa tafiya zanyi na shekara biyu sannan nasaka a akawo wadda zata tayaki kwana kafin na dawo sannan kuma duk abinda kike bukata akwai cikin Secretlock dina kinsan kuma Ma budin, tunamin naji ko kin rike, karanto masa nayi tas 9182475 yauwa kin rike , sannan za akawo miki malamin da zai dinga koyamiki karatu agida kafin na dawo naga canji kin iya reding daka kanki, kada masa kai nayi ni duk jinsa nake danni duk na shiga tashin hankali da wannan tafiya ina gani ya shiga mota aka rufe sukaja sai dusuka fita naji wani kuka yazomin bansan dalilin kukan nawa ba.

Da sauri na bar wajan nashiga daki da gudu na fada kangado na fashe da kuka sosai, na yiya kuka sosai sannan na tashi nayi alwala na rama sallolina da ake bina, ina idarwa na tafi Bangaran sa, adakin na zauna ina kallo da ka intaba takalminsa sai na shafa rigunansa na cikin haddan duruwarsa wadda take cikin bandaki inda mutum zai shirya da komai da komai wato dai dirowa mai daki, abunawa kamar almara haka na yini adakin , badan nagaji da dakin bane na fito na tafi dakina ina budewa, na kusa kurma ihu tsabar tsoro da firgita da kuma mamaki da abinda nagani.

Najaa ce zaune akan gadona tayi dai-dai ita da wata suna sun batar juna, budewar kofata ne yasa suka juyo, murmshi ta sakarmin, Babbar yarikya shigo mana aini ce wadda aka zaba na tayaki kwana ni da mijina ta nunamin buduwar dake gabanta dan haka zaki iya shigowa ko kiko ma dan mijina zai.

Bama sai na karasaba tunda kin gane abinda nake nufi tunda shi mai lalatsiki din ya tafi idan kuma zakizo kishiga maraba kofa abude take, da sauri na girgixa mata kai naja kofar da sauri nayi Bangaran Amaal na koma da sauri na rufe ko ina tunda ka Falo harzuwa sauran dakuna, dakinsa na huce shima nasaka key na kulle ina mai da numfashi, nidai tunda nake bantaba gani ba bantaba jiba ance mace ta aure mace yar kuwarta sai yau abun sai yayi wani bankwarai babu dadinji, kirane ya shigo ta waya dakin Amaal cikin mamaki nake kallon wayar sai datayi kara sau uku tukuna na tafi na dauki wayar, "Hlo nace"Kai My man na takiran wayayoyinka akashe gani na sauka, sai da yagama zubarsa tukana nace bashi bane bayanan yayi tafiya yau, shiru yayi"okay to kewace, tsaki naja kajini da mutum da tamyar rainin hankali, murmusawa yayi kinyi shiru? Mai aikinsace ni na maza na ajeye wayar.
















Wacece ke na kwai kwayi muryarsa ko kunkya bayaji, bayan wasu seconds wayar takara kara tayi kara yafi sau goma da taishaneni na dauka cikin fada dalla kafa takuramin da shegen kira haba dalla zan ajeye naji yace to in kingama sai kitsaya kiji abinda zance, cikin inda inda nace kayi hakuri bansan kaine ba, baima bani amsa ba yace kije kibudewa abokina zai kwana biyu agidan, ya kashe wayar tashi, cikin rashin jindadi abin na ajeye wayar na fita, A korido naci karo da su tsaye da naja tana masa magana naga yana bata waya, ko meyake da wayar"Oh, cikin hade fuska na karasa, tsayiwata kawai suka gani kansa ya dago ya sauke su anawa, kara hade rainayi zamu iya tafiya, kada kansa yayi," ke bakiga magana muke bane zakizo ki tsayamana, kinga malama bansa dake ba ban kuma rabadake ba na juya ina jan tsaki banza kawai.

Bangaran baki na kaisa , zan fito yace min jimana, baki fadamin sunanki ba Ayatsene nace Aara, na fice na barsa tsaye baki bude, kai gaskiya kin hadu yariya zanyi maganin jijjida kanki , wayarsace tayi kara , ya dauka,aboki na samu sabon hot fa hands-free yasa kai aboki kace kayi kamu , sosai ma sai dai fa kwailace dan yanzo tafara kirgin dangi sai dai girman jiki dan kusan kammu daya da kadan na fita tana da tsawan kafa, amma zanyi kiwanta ne dan samun budulcinta dan gaskiya zatayi zaki wlh, dariya abokina yayi gaskiya baka da dafa, yanzo kasan kuwa zan iya shiga rayuwarta sosai sannan na samu wata ballagazar na dinga rage zafi da ita, ita kuma wannan zanyi kiwanta, amma zan dan shawala dan akawai jida kai, daka bayansa yaji ance bamai sai ka wahalar da kanka ni dakaina zan maka kiwonta.

Juyowa yayi cikin mamaki!, karkadamu in dai kana tare dani tawani shafushi, badai kanasan shan zumarta ba to kabani komai a hannu, kuma zancan kwailace karkadamu, nan da wata daya sai na zamar da ita cikarkiyar mace, daka kasanta harzuwa baya da gaba, da gaske kike, Naja, umm tace ni dai kawai naji ruwan kudi zakaga aiki, daka nan kai kuma sai kashiga rayuwarta idan taki sai amata takarfi, rumgumta yayi gaskiya naji dadi sosai, murmusawa tayi nima alasamin wannan zumar mana, kashe mata ido yayi to nan dai suka shiga watsewarsu.

Ina koma daki na kwanta kango Amaal ina shakar kamshi mai ratsa zuciya har bacci ya dauke ni. Saune nake wajan Garden bacin malamina ya tafi da yake fama dani sai ya koyamin yare biyu Chinese da English, dama shima dan Nigerian ne, haka muke rigama dashi tun bana ganewa har nafara dauka, inan zaune ne ina bita mai aikin datake abince takawo abincin ta ajeye ta koma, kyallan da tarufa na bude tare da jan tire din gabana, daya bowl din kazace mai irin wani kala ni dai bataba gani ba dayan kuma chips ne amma ansamai miyar hanta akai mai duhu, sai lemon kankana mai madara shima, kazar na faraci to kazar dai gata nan gatan ita babu tas babu kuma rashin dadi kuma abin mamaki kuma babu kashi ajikin kazar sai da aka gyrata sosai ni dai haka naci na dauka sabon sanfar din Chinese ne.

Haka kulluma anake cin kazar da wasu abubuwa dab bansan mene suba. Ina saka kaya na na kalli kaina jikin madubi yadda naga na kara kiba na kuma kara fari sosai, sai kirjina da wasu abu suka fito kan nono na yan kanana masu zafi tsiya, idan na taba kamar nayi kuka , haka nagama shiryawa na tattara gashi wanda daka wankewa shikenan babu taja danni bana iya tajewa shiyasa ya cukurkudi, kofa aka turo Naja ce tashigo," ke Asmeeta meyasa bakyasan gyara gashinki ne duk kin barshi cukurkudi, banza nayi da ita na cigaba da abinda nake, inda nake takaraso gashin tataba bazaki gyara ba gaki da gashi kamar Yar india banza na mata, oh tunda bazaki magana ba shikenan bangazata tayi akirji, Ashh nace saboda zafin da naji mai ratsa jiki, na dafe wajan cikin dariyar mugunta tace kai sannu Asmeeta wlh bangani bane mene yake miki ciwo, dagowa nayi a wahalarce, laaa kema yana miki ciwo ashe , dakin magana dana baki magani, bari na kawo miki, durawar mudubi ta bude ta dauko kamar manshafawa amma duk wani bakin abu aciki, jaki bandaki kishifa zuwa dare zakiji sauki, babu musu na karba na shiga bandaki.

Jingina tayi da mudubi, hmmm Asmeeta kenan yanzo zaki fara shiga tarkona idan shafa ba daina ciwo zasuyi ba fitowa zasuyi kamafara zama mace kema, yadda nake ballagaza kamar yadda maza suke kirana kema sai na mayar dake haka, dan bazan yarda kizama kamilaba.


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Thursday, October 21, 2021

Kokunsan Tarihin Borno A Nigeria, Dakuma Mene Tarihin "Usman Dan Fodio"

 



Zamubaku Tarihi Ne Game Da "Usman Dan Fodio Da Kuma,
Tayaya Aka Samu Kasar "BORNO"


A nan ne kuma zamu kara yin bayani game da wannan bawan allah wanda yashi ga tarihi a duniya wanda aka  fisani da "Usman Ibin Dan Fodio" shikuma aka haifeshi a rana alif shekara ta (1754) a yankin gobir. Kuma shi marigayi alah yayi masa rasuwa ne a shekara (1817) ga wanat 20 na afrilu a chikin garin ta sokoto, kuma shi an nadamasa wannan suna ta arabic wanda akan fisaninsa da "Shiek Usman bin dan Fodio" kuma iyayensa da suka haifeshi Usamn bin dan fodio sune "Malla Muhammad Bello, kuma tare da mahaifiyarsa 'Maimunatu" kuma shi Usman Dan Fodio Allah Yabashi yara guda biyu, a chikin yaran sune daya daga ciki shine" Dansa namiji shine Muhammadu Bello da kuma watau yarinyarsa ake chemata "Nana Asma'u.

Kuma ana yimasa yabon girma game da yadda yayi tasirin yaga yakafa daular ta addinin musulunchi a jahar ta yakin Hausawa. Kuma da lilinda yasa ake yimasa jagoranci a matsayin Usaman Dan Fodio, kokuma sunan da aka yimasa na laranchi watau "Usman Bin Dan Fodio" wanda yayi suna kasar "Sokoto" kuma ga fadin nigeria gabadaya. Kuma yayi jagoran ta wajen musulumci sosai ta hanyar yaga yadda addinin yayi karfi a jahar arewan kasar gaba daya. Usman dan fodio mallami ne kuma shi babba marubucine dangane da duk abin yashafe addini kuma majagoran yankin fulani ne wanda yakafa tarihi a duk yankin shiyasa ake kiransa da sunan da aka samasa da laranci wato "Uman Bin Dan Fodio" daular musuluncine a jahar ta "Sokoto"

Shi marigayi Usman Dan Fodio yana daya daga cikin mutanen da suka waye a bangaren arewa kuma yana daya daga cikin wanda suka waye ga cikin fulani kuma yayi suna a yankin ta "Afrika" babu kamar afrika ta tsakiya.  Usman Dan Fodio Shine yanada daya daga cikin babban mallamai na "Sunnah" wanda aka fisani da "Maliki" wand shine yakan koyarwa ga duk wani tsarin "Imam Mali" Wanda aka fisani da "Malikiya".

Kuma duk rayuwarsa yayine a kasar "Nigeria" inda ake kiransa da lakabin "Amir al Mumin Usman Bin Dan Fodio" kuma shine wanda ya jagoranci farkon mulkin na " Sultan Of Sokoto" a yadda tarihi yanuna. Shi marigayi a mtsayin malamine na addini ta musulunci wanda yayi gogor maya gameda yaga yakafa addinin musulunci a kasar arewancin ta Nigeria kuma shi mai koyar da "Mazhabir Malikiya" a rayuwansa ta a yankin "Gobir" inda har zuwa shekara ta (1802) daga nan kuma sai yafar yin yadda yagani ya kauda banzan al'adu wanda addini ya haramtar, dakuma yayi nasara a ko'ina duk inda yaje har idan yayi wa mutane bayani game da yadda addini musulunci yake, sai kaga sun karba addinn musulunci a ko'ina a fadin kasar ta arewancin Nigeria.

Shi 'Usman Dan Fodio' yayi rubuce rubuce gameda addinn musulunci, dakuma wasu al'addu na 'Hausa' dakuma al'adun 'Fulani'. Shi marigayi "Usman Bin Dan Fodio" yayi yakirsa ne tun a shekara ta (1804 har zuwa 1812) kuma tarihi yanuna yafitone daga yankin kabilar "Toronkanwa" daga yakin "Fulani", Shi "Usman Dan Fodio" yakasance daga dangin ta Toronkanwa ta kabilar (Fulani) dake mazauninsa a cikin Masarautar ta Husawa a shekara ta (1400) da ke yankin arewancin Nigeria, har yakasance yana bin karantarwa ta "Malikiyi" ta makarantar ta "Fkhu" (Islamic-Fikihu) da kuma nuna abin athahiri dakuma yake bangaren ta "Darika" wanda aka fisani da (Khadiriya) a tarihi yadda yanuna shi marigayi.

Usamn dan fodio yarubuta littattafai sama da dari (100) wanda ya kunshi al'adu wanda yashafe addini da zamanta kewa na al'umma. Marigayi Usman dan fodio yayi kokarin sukar sauran mallamai na addinin musulci gamed yadda ke son zuciyasa ta hanyan addini wato dan rashin fadan gaskiya a yadda dokokin shari'a ya fada. shi marigayi yakarantar da mata da maza harma da yaransa wanda har suma suka zama masu marubucin littafi, kuma suma sun zama mallamai na addini na musulinci.

Ancigaba da kawo rubuce rubucen da yayi kuma har ayau ana amfani da littafain da ya rubuta kuma har ayau ana kiransa da suna "Shehu" kasar fulani bakidaya. Wasu kuma suna daukan shi marigayi Usman Dan Fodio akan shi mutumine wanda allah yabashi hikima wanda ba kowane yake da shi ba ta wajen "Mujaddadin" mai wahayi daga allah mai gyara addinn ta musulunci.

Chingaban shi Usmanu Dan fodio yayi kokarin yin wace hanyar da zai bi yaga dai dolar musuluci ta daukaka a ko'ina na arewancin kasar, ida yayi tayi gogormaya a mtsayin sa na dan fulani dake jahar ta (Karni) kuma shine na gomasha takwas har zuwa goma shatara. Kuma yayi nasara ne gameda kafa daular ta musuluncine a wannan jahohin da ake kira "Futa Bundu, Futa Tooro, da kuma Futa Djallon" da ke shekara ta (1650) har zuwa shekara ta (1750) wanda shine yakirkiro wannan jahohin guda uku na na Islama.




TARIHIN KASAR "BORNO"

Nabiyu kuma zamu baku tarihine game da kasar jahar "Borno" watau daular Borno dake kasar ta Nigeria. Shi wanna labarine wanda mutane da dama suna neman tarihi ga wannan kasar yaya aka samu wannan kasar ta "Borno" muntambaye masana kuma sun bamu amsar wanda har ya gamsar da mu, sai mukace bari mu baiyana game da yadda mutane suna son su san tarihi gameda wanan kasar "Borno".

Ita daular Borno ta dade da kafata kuma tana cikin bangaren guda goma (10) na cikin "Karni" wanda ya hada da ke cikin Nigeria kuma yahada da Nigeria, Camaroon, Chadi, Niger,Libiya, da Sudan. Ita wannan daula ta "El-Kanemi ansamo shi asali daga daular ta (Saifuwa) wan har a yau yana yawo a ko ta ina.

A yadda labari yanuna cewa, su mutanen wanda suka dawo daga can kasar ta Yemen suka yi kokarin inda suka kafa  suka kafa wannan daular ta (Saifuwa) a Jahar ta "Borno" har wanda ya dauki shekara kusan dubu daya (1000) da suka gabata a yau.

wanda aka aka fisani da Mohammed al-Amin wanda aka fisani da Elkanemi, yayi kokarin kau da mulkin ta (Saifuwa) inda yayi kokarinsa sai da yakafa daular ta ( Kanem) na goma sha takwas (18) a yayinda sarakuna da dama suka ci karensu ba babbaka inda suka yi mulki da dama na tsawo shekaru.

Munyi kokarin bin daddagi ne ameda muga munsamu tarihi gameda ita wannan daular borno, daya daga chiki shine munsame wani daga ciki inda muka tattauna dashi shine, Alhaji Zanna Hassan, shi wanda aka fisani da (darekta ne na wanda shine yake kula da wani duk al'ammurori game da fadar ta masarauta dake jahar Borno) dakuma wani wanda ake kiransa (Adam Ajiri Mohammed wanda shine mai nazarin ta addinin ta islama dake can jamiyar ta maiduguri, wanda sune muka samesu sukayi mana bayani gameda cikakken tarihin daula "Borno" ciki da waje.

TAYAYA AKA SAMU KALMAR (BORNO)

A yadda mukayi bincike gameda yadda aka samu kalmar ta "BORNO" watau tarihi ne yanuna aka wai ita 'Borno' an samota ne daga wata kalmominda aka fisani da "Larabci" shine "Bahar'Nur" wati shine a matsayin ake kira wato "Kogin Haske" a yadda tarihi yanunamana ga binciken da mukayi. Jahar ita Borno kasa ce wanda kowa yasani game da, daular musulunci wanda aka fisani da Bahar Nur wato a mtsayi kogin musulunci kokuma za ace dular musulunci ga yadda masu bayanen tarihin suka ce a tarihence.

Masanin tarihin ta wato 'Alhaji Hassan Zannan yayi bayani gameda (Ibn Khaldun da ya ambaci wato Bhahar -Nur a yadda tarihi yanuna a rubuce rubucensa game da musulnci a nahiyar afrika.

DIDDIGIN (BORNO)

Tarihi yanuna akan jahar ta Borno wato wasu mutane ne suka zo daga can kasar yemen har zuwa Nigeria suka duba suka ga yaka mata sunema ma'zauni a wanna yanki babban daga ciki wanda yajagoran zuwa wanna jar, wani sarki ne wanda ake kiransa da "Ibin Said Yazan" wanda ake kira da 'Malik Himyari' tun kamin zamanin annabawa kuma yayi kokarin kafa daular ga Fasha har da India.

Trihi yanuna akan cewa su wanda suke bin bayan "Said Yazan' akan su ba Sahabban annabi bane bayan mafak bayan hijirarsa daga "Makka" zuwa 'Madina'. Bincike yanuna akan mutanen Yemen assalin kanuri suka kafa cibiyar Borno wanda ita ne daular Zannan Hassan Baguma.

BORNO ALLOKACIN "SAHABBAI"

A yadda mukayi bincike game da 'BORNO' ko kunsan yaya garin yake alokacin su "Sahabbai" sai wani daga cikin masana yayi mana bayani game da wannan lokaci, sunanansa mai fadamana shine "Hassa Zanna Baguma" daular 'Borno' takafu ne tun kamin suwan Annabi (SAW). A wannan lokacinne sarakuna suka aika wasika zuwa ga mallamai akan suna neman "Mallamain" da zasu koyar da addini musulunci suwa ga "Sheik Amr-As" wato shine gomna a wannan lokaci, sai shikuma yajagoranci wani maisuna "Ibn Nafi Uqba" daga wannan lokacinne sai sarakunan Borno sukayi kokarin karbar wannan malamain da aka tura musu daga wajen "Nafi" a zamanin " Zamanin Sayiddina Umar" RA".

Baguma yayi bayani game da wasu littattafai da yake a kwai, yanuna akan cewa a lokacin zamanin shi "Sayyidina Usman". Sai dai forfesa Ajiri Mohammed yace a wannan lokacinne daular "Magaribi" dake cikin arewancin ta Afrika "Ibn Nafiyi" sanadiyar yakinsa ne har yakawo Borno zuwa lokacin ta (666) da kuma zamanin "Kaulafa'ur Rasshidun" yafarane daga lokacin (632 har zuwa 660). Yace baza muze sunyi zamani a lokacin su sahabbai ba, amma dai kamar yanuna a wannan lokaci watakila akwai musulunci  a Borno koda yake a wannan lokaci anfi cewa a likacin zamanin "Umaiyad" ne daga (661 har zuwa 750).

Ayyada tarihi yanuna a wannan lokacin a kwai tarihin binciken da yanuna cewa shekara at (661 har zuwa shekara ta 670) akan akwai wani malami wanda daga can Dualar "Umaiyad" ne da suka dawo zuwa yankin ta Magharib har suka iso yankin Borno inji shi ferfesa Ajirri.

TAYAYA SAIFUWA YAKE A BORNO DA KUMA ( ELKANEMI'

Tambaya ce da muka samu daga Abdurahman Salisu Zaria da Abubakar Goni Kolo da Hassan Yarima K da Huguma, Baba Ali Kabir Saifuwa su ne asalin sarautar Borno, kuma Boguma ya ce dalilin da ya sa ake kiransu Saifuwa saboda sun fito ne daga Said "Dhi  Ibn Yazan".Tarihi ya nuna Saifuwa sun yi sarauta sama da shekara (1000) inda suka yi sarakuna kimanin (114), tun kafin karni na bakwai.

Ferfesa Ajiri ya ce bayan Saifuwa sun ci Zagawa da yaki ne suka kafa daular musulunci a Borno, kuma sun kafa daula ne daga wajajen karni na shida. Sarakunan farko a daular Saifuwa sun hada da Mai Dugu a shekarar (785) da Mai Fune a shekarar 836 da Mai Aritso a (893), da Mai Katuri a (942) da Mai Ayoma a 961 da Mai Bulu a (1019) da Mai Arki a (1036) da Mai Shu a (1076). Tun zamanin Sarkin Saifuwa Mai Hume Djilme a wajajen (1081) aka fara daula ta musulunci har zuwa sauran sarakunan da aka yi", a cewar Zanna Boguma. Ya ce, a zamanin daular musulunci ta Saifuwa an yi Sarakuna da suka hada da Mai Dunama Humemi da ya yi mulki daga shekarar (1097) zuwa (1151) da Mai Biri Ibn Dunoma da ya yi mulki daga shekarar (1150 zuwa (1175) da Mai  Ibn Bikoru Biri da ya yi zamani daga (1175 zuwa 1194).

Mai Ahmad ne Sarkin Saifuwa na karshe, kamin lokacin zamanin daular ElKanemi ta Jahar Borno.

Farfesa Ajiri ya ce karshen mulkin Saifuwa ya zo karshe ne a lokacin da Fulani suka kawo hari suka ci garin Gazargamu da yaki tsohon babban birnin Daular Borno. Goni Mukhtar ne ya yaki Gazargamu, inda ya kori Mai na Saifuwa tare da taimakon Shehu El Kanemi. ElKanemi ne ya taimaka aka kori Fulani daga Borno. Farfesa Ajiri ya ce bayan an kashe Goni Muktar a Damaturu ne kuma Mai Ahmad na Saifuwa ya rasu, daga nan El Kanemi ya zama Sarki a wajajen (1811) har zuwa (1815). ElKanemi ya ci gaba da mulki a daular Saifuwa duk da cewa shi ba daga zuriyar Saifuwa ba ne. Farfesa ya ce ElKanemi ya kafa daular ElKanemi (1816) a birnin Kukawa, wato shekaru sama da (201) dake a yanzu.

Idan an hada shekaru kusan (801) na Daular Saifuwa da shekaru sama da (202) zai kasance shekarun daular Borno sama da (1000)." Shehu Mohammed el Amin Elkanemi" ya fara kafa daula ne a Ngurno tare da ba Mai "Dunoma" na Tara Lefami matsayin sarki a "Kanem" daga daular Saifuwa daga (1815) zuwa (1818). Mai Ibrahim na hudu Ibn Dunoma Lefami ne ya gaji Dunoma a matsayin Sarkin Saifuwa a Kanem. Bayan El Kanemi ya karbi mulki ne sarautar Borno ta sauya daga Saifuwa zuwa Shehu ElKanemi Masanin tarihin "Zanna Boguma" ya ce lakabin sarautar Borno ya sauya daga "Sarki" zuwa "Shehu" bayan kafuwar ElKanemi, sarakunan farko.

 Daga nan ne bayan ElKanemi ya samu mulkin Borno, daga nan ne ya ce shi ba zai amince a kira shi da "Mai" ba saboda shi malami ne".Don haka ya ce zai kira kansa a matsayin Shehu, wato Malami, inda ya hada mulki da malamanta", a cewar Zanna Boguma.Ya kuma ce: "Wannan ne dalilin da ya sa duk wadanda suka zama sarakuna a Borno ake kiransu Shehu daga gidan El Kanemi."Shehu Umar Kura ne ya gaji mahaifinsa Shehu Muhammad El Amin ElKanemi a matsayin Sarkin Borno daga (1834) zuwa (1855).

'RABEH' DAGA "BORNO"

Rabeh Zubair Ibn Fadlallah mutum ne da ya taso daga Sudan, wanda ke sana'ar fataucin bayi, inda yake saye ya kuma sayar da bayi. Masanin tarihi Zanna Boguma ya ce fataucin bayi ne dalilin da ya sa Rabeh ya yaki Borno. A (1894) ne Rabeh ya kawo wa Borno hari."Rabeh Zubair ne ya rushe tsohuwar daular Borno bayan ya kaddamar da yaki kuma ya samu galabar kwace iko ya mayar da Dikwa a matsayin babban birnin daularsa". Rabeh ya kashe sarakunan Borno guda biyu, Shehu Kyarimi da Shehu Sanda Wudoroma.

A (1901) sojojin Faransa na mulkin mallaka suka kashe Rabeh bayan ya yi mulki a shekaru bakwai da watanni bakwai da kwanaki bakwai a Borno. Bayan sun kashe Rabeh ne suka aza Shehu Sanda Kura daga zuriyar Elkanemi a matsayin Shehun Borno a Dikwa a (1902). A (1903) suka cireshi suka kuma daura dan uwansa Umar Abubakar Garbai, a matsayin Shehun Borno na yanzu.

A Lokacin Turawan mulkin Mallaka, tsohuwar Masarautar Borno ta rabu kashi biyu inda Dikwa ta koma karkashin ikon turawan mulkin mallaka na Jamusanci, bisa wata yarjejeniya tsakanin turawan Faransa da ita Birtaniya da kuma Jamus na mulkin mallaka. Daga baya Abubakar Garbai ya koma Sarkin Borno a yankin da turawan Birtaniya ke iko. A shekarar (1903) ya fara yin hijira zuwa Monguno kafin daga baya ya koma Maiduguri. Lokacin da Dikwa ta koma karkashin ikon Birtaniya, an samu Shehu guda biyu, Shehun Borno a Maiduguri da kuma Shehun Dikwa.

An kafa masarautar Borno da al'adunta ne a kan tsari na musulunci? Masanin tarihi Zanna Boguma ya ce a zamanin farko na El Kanemi an bi tsari ne irin na khalifancin Manzo SAW. Ya ce El Kanemi yana da mashawarta guda hudu wadanda kuma suka kasance kamar majalisar Koli. "Mutanen sun hada da Malam Muhammed Terab da Malam Ahmad Gonimi da Ibrahim Wadaima da Aji Sudani wadanda suka taimaka masa wajen shinfida tsari na shari'a da adalci a Borno".

Amma ya ce bisa tsari na al'adan Borno tana da tsarin sarautu (3,331),) wadanda suka kunshi na 'ya'yan gidan sarki da fadawa da bayi da na Malamai. Sannan akwai sarautu na sana'o'i kamar na wanzanci da kira da rini. Amma sarautun da suke da girma da kima sun kai (314).

TAYA AKE ZABAR SARKIN"BORNO"

Tambaya ce da muka samu daga Aminudden Ali Dan Hassan Idan Sarki ya rasu, bayan an yi jana'izarsa za a sanar da hukuma a rubuce, cewa Sarki ya rasu. Daga nan wadanda ke da alhakin zaben sabon Sarki za su zauna su yi shawara sannan su fitar da sunaye daga gidajen sarautar Borno.

Idan sun zabi sabon sarki za su mika wa gwamnati akan ta sanar.  Kuma "Masu zaben sabon Sarki su guda bakwai ne da suka hada da Shettima Kanuribe da Shettima Kuburibe da Yarima da Kaigama da Mallam Terab" a cewar al'adar ta Zannah Boguma.

Ko Tarihi Yanu Akan Usmaniya Ta Yaki Daular "BORNO"

Yakin Shehu Usman Danfodio ya faru ne a (1803), inda ya kafa tuta da daulolinsa a kasashen Hausa a (1806).  Shi danfodio bai yi niyyar ya yaki Borno ba, amma Fulani da suke zaune a Borno da ake kira Fulata Borno karkashin wani babban malami Goni Mukhtar suka kaddamar da yaki. Malam Goni Muktar ya rubutawa Danfodio wasika yana son a ba shi tuta, yana ganin Borno na bukatar a kaddamar da yaki na jihadi saboda a ganinsa akwai wasu abubuwan da ake yi na al'adu. "Amma bayan yakin, El Kanemi ya rubutawa Danfodio da takarda cewa bai kamata a yaki Borno ba domin kasa ce ta musulunci da sarakunanta", a cewar Zanna Boguma. Ya kara da cewa akwai rubutun wasikar El Kanemi zuwa ga Danfodio a cikin litaffin Infakul Maisuri na Muhammadu Bello Danfodio.

A cikin wasikar El kanemi ya nuna cewa yakin da aka kaddamar ba jihadi ba ne illa neman mulki da son duniya". "Daga baya Danfodio da El Kanemi sun dawo sun fahimci juna inda suka amince kuma suka tabbatar da cewa babu abin da ke tsakaninsu illa aminci da 'yan uwantaka ta addinin musulunci". Zanna Boguma ya ce Borno ba ta taba zama a karkashin tutar daular Usmaniya ba domin Borno tana da tarihi na musulunci da malamanta sama da shekara (1001) kafin kafuwar daular Usmaniya a Sokoto. "Hakan ya sanya da aka yi bikin cika shekaru (200) da kafuwar Daular Usman Danfodio muka ce bai shafe mu ba, sai mu muka yi bikin shekaru (1001) da kafuwar daular musulunci ta Borno".


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Monday, October 18, 2021

Tarihohin Wanda Suka Yi Suna A Duniya

 




Bayanai Game Da Rayuwar "Sir Ahmadu Bello" Da
'Murtala Mohammed, Da
"Rayuwar Mango Park'

Assalamu alaikum marahmatullahi ta alla wabarkhatuhu. A yau ne allah yakawo mu wannan ranar da zamu bada cikakken ta rihin wannan bawan allah wanda aka fisani da (Sir. Ahmadu Bello Sardauna) yadda aka haifeshi da kuma raywar da yayi.

An haifeahi a wata kauye dake can jahar Sokoto ana kiran wannan kauyen da suna" Rabah" a shekar an (1910). Kuma an haifeshine dan jinin sarauta daga zuriyar dan fodio kuma sune suka kafa kabilara ta (Fulani). A lokacinda yake da sheka sha'shida (16) da hai huwa, yaje makarantar lardin ta Sokoto daga bisani kuma sai yakara shigar makarantar ta horrar da mallama a cen jar katsina inda yayi karatunsa daga shekara (1926 harzuw 1931).

A can kwalajin ta katsita yarike makami waikilin mai anguwa kuma yarike kaftin na (five) a jahar ta katsina bayan daga yabar mallamin makaranta, yakoyara da karatu a wata makarantar da aka gisani da (middle) daga shekara (1931 har zuwa 1938)da ga nan ne kum sai aka bashi babban mukami na (Sardaunan Sokoto) wanda a kunlum shine mai bawa sarkin musulmi shawara a duk wani lokaci ta harkar siyasa.

Daganan ne kuma aka kara nadashi shugabanci ta gabas yakin sokoto inda wasu wakilai kusan guda ar'bain (40) suna karkashinsa a wannan shugabancinda yakeyi da aka bashi. Sai daga baya kuma aka mayar dashi wajensa na da mai bawa sarkin musulmai shawara.

Kuma shine maiduba komai da yake tafiya ta kowan sassan yankin, daga nan ne sai yayi kokarin yakai ziyara zuwa kasar Ingila inda ya sauka ga wajen abokai, suka yimasa karba ta hanyar girma kuma suka dauke shi zuka zagaya dashi ko ta ina dan ya bawa idonsa abinci dagana kuma suka tattauna game da har kan mulkin kanan hukumomi a shekara ta (1948).

Daga nan kuma sai aka aka ziyerci shi marigayi sardauna yazama daya daga cikin babban wailai na arewa na majalisar dokoki dan shima yabada nashi tsarin game da dokokin kasar.

A shekara ta (1954) ne aka nadashi firayim mista inda har yayi shekara goma sha biyu a wannan mukaminsa kamin a kasheshi a lokacinda sojoji me kokarin juyin mulkin ta farko a Nigeria. Kashe wannan talikin da allah yabashi basira da dama da kuma San in hangen nesa, dalilinda yasa aka kasheshi a wannan lokaci dan surabashi da wannan mulkinda yake dashi na arewa.

Baya kashe wannan bawan allah marigayi sardauna, a wannan lokacinne sanadiyar mutuwarsa yakawo karshen wannan tsarin mulkin kasar da suka yi a shekara ta (1966), wani soja ne yadawo har zuwa gidansa inda suka hada ido da sardauna ka kuma matarsa tana gefensa tana zaune sai ya harbeshi, kuma yakara juyawa ya harbe matarsa an an ne sai allah ya dauki ransa tare da matarsa tana kwance age fenshi sunanta "Hafsatu".

A wanna lokacin shi marigayi sardauna yasan za a yi juyin mulki a wannan dare shiyasa ya umurci kowa da yake cikin gidan yayi kokari yabar gidan dake jahar Kadun. Daga bisani sai wani wanda ake kira Alhaji Aliyu magajin garin yakira sarkin musulmai akan allah yayibwa Sardauna rasuwa tare da matarsa, sai sarkin musulmai yace ayimasa jana'iza tare da matarsa akai su abinne su.

Tarihi yanuna Marigayi Sheikh Gumi ne ya sallacesu marigayi Sir Ahmadu Bello Sardauna da matarsa Hafsatu.




TARIHIN "JANAR MURTALA MOHAMMED"

Nabuyu kuma zamu baku tarihin marigayi sofon soja wato "General Murtalla Mohammed) an ahife shi a ranar shatakwas ga November shekara ta (1938) jahar kano. Shi marigayi yayi kokarin shiga makarantar soja a kasar ta birtania a shekara ta (1959) kuma General Murtala yasamu grma ta laftanal kanal a shekara ta (1961). 

Daganan ne sai yayi kokarin yakoma zuwa gudua nigeria inda yasamu jagoran zuwa kasar ta (Congo) dan neman zaman lafiya na majalisar dinkin duniya a shekara ta (1962).

Dagann ne kuma sai yakar samun wata mukami na manjo bayan da aka bashi kula da yanayin sashin ta aiwatarwa a hedkwatar ta sojojo a shekara ta (1964) a kaduna. Daga nan ne sai janar yakoma zuwa can birnin legas inda yaje ya komaza zama da wani kawunsa mai suna ( Alhaji Wada Inuwa) a lokacinda yasamu ministan tsaro, daga can ne har lokacinda akayi wato jiyin mulkin kasar ta farko a shekara ta (1966).

A lokacinne shi shugaban kasa wanda a ka fisaninsa da (Aguiyi-Ironsi) yayi kokari karamasa girma zuwa leftanal kana koda yake ma a lokacin rikon kwarya ne, a ranar ta afrilu a shekar ta (1966). A wannan lokacinne da aka yi juyin mulki ta farko, sai shi janar murtala yana ta zagawa zuwa arewancin kasar dan neman hadinkan sojojin arewa dan neman ayi juyinj mulki a biyu, amma bai samu yayi tasiri ba sana diyar bindige wasu manyan sijojo da akayi a can yankin abiokuta yamancin kudo.

Janar Murtala yayi kokarin taka rawa a wannan lokacinne da har a lokachinda shekara ta (1967), kuma wannan lokacinne leftana canal (Ojuku) yana neman kokarin ballewa daga naijeria dan neman (Biyafira) a wannnan lokacin. Da ga wannan lokacinne sai Janar murtalla yajagoranci, ya dauki mataki sosai har sai da yayi nasaran kurmushi mayakan (Biyafira) in da suka janye da kansu, da kansu a ranar ta 21 ga watan ta satumban shekar ta 1967.

A lokacinne da yana matsayin ta Birgedia sai aka yi kokarin nada shi yazama shugaban kasa gaba daya a lokacin jiyin mulki ta uku. Alokacin ta shekara ta (1976) ne aka kara masa girma wanda yazama ainihin mai anini guda (4) na jagoran kasar gaba daya. A wanna lokacine sai janr murtala yayi kokarin kara wasu manyan jahohi da kuma yayi kokarin kawo offishin shigaban kasa zuwa (abuja) kuma yai alkawarin zai mika mulki zuwa ga hannun farin hula as hekar ta (1979).

A wannan lokacine kashe kashe yayi yawa a fadin kasar inda sukayi kokarin suga sun kashe janar Murtala shi wanda yajagorancin wannan hari shene wanda aka fisani da (Dimka) amma baiyi nasara ba, daga bisani sai akayi kokarin harbe motar sa a lokacinda yake kokarin zuwa offishinsa inda har yayi sanadiya mutuwarsa, daga nan ne kuma sai aka daura mataimakinsa wato (Obasanjo) bayan mutuwar Janr Murtala Mohammed.



TARIHIN GAME DA "MANGO PARK"

Assallamu allaiku jama'a. a yau ne zan yimuku bayanai kadan game da yadda (Mango Park) yayi gogar maya a kasar ta afrika inda ya sadakr da rayuwansa a (Africa) gameda abinda yafi karfin wasu daga cinkin turawa shiyasa yazo ya gwada yagani ko allah zai bashi sa'a. game da wata kogin (River Naija). zuwansa nafarko zuwa (Kogin kwara ) inda har yai nasara ya sha wannan ruwa kuma yayi wanka da wannan ruwan daga bisani kuma yace sai yabi yaga wannan karshen ida wannan kogin yasaya, amma wasu dalilai yasa bai samu yabi yaga wannan karshen kogin ba daga nan ne sai yakoma zuwa gida.

Shi kuma wannan bawan allah mai suna ( Mango Park) da yafito washegari, sai yanema har sai da yaga karshen wannan kogin, kuma yahadu da kasashe da dama na afrika da ga nan ne sai kuma ya hadu da wasu da sukai sanadiyar ajalinsa da wasu mayakn da ya hadu da su a (Kebbi) kusa da wani garinda ake kiransa (Busa) Mango Park namiji ne a duniya wanda har ko a ina a duniya yayi suna wanda har turawa ma da kansu suna yabonsa dan tarihin dayayi shiyasa suna kiransa a matsayin (Mango Park) dan babban jarimi ne game da tarihin da yabari a duniya a ko ta ina.

A yadda tarihi yanuna cewa, turawa basu taba zuwa sakiyar africa ba sanadiyar suna jin soro akan wai har ida kazo kashi kasar afrika ciki ciki to babu abinda zaka gani sai duwasu da kuma namominda, wsu kuma suace wa inkaje zaka hadu da mutane masu cin mutu, har idan kuma baka hadu da suba, to zakaga wasu ciwo da zai kamaka wanda bazaka yi awa daya ba zaka mutu, shiyasa basu taba zuwa cikin afrika sosai ba sai gefe gefe suke zuwa dan suna gani kamar bamutane bane kamar wani ahllittu ne wanda ba na dan adam ba.

Kuma a yadda maganganu yanuna ake ta cecekuce akan wannan kogin akan wasu turawa suna cewa akwai wani koginda ya tashi daga river Naija harybar yankin afrika yazo ya hadu da wasu kogin turawa amma wasu laraba wa sunce karaya ne akan bawani koginda ya hadu da wani kogin da ya tashi daga afrika har ya kauce waje. Hakan wasu sunce duk rashin bude idanu ne yanuna akan wai babu wani koginda ya ketare zuwa waje.

Bayan cece kuce akan wanan batun ruwa ta, sai wasu turawa suka yi kokarin zuwa afirika dan suga me ke faruwa, kuma suna so suga suntaimaka wa africa dan waye wa da sauransu, dan maganganu yana ta yawo akan akwai wasu mutanen da suke zama a afrika basuwayeba shiyasa suna so suzo su taimaka ta hanyar bude ido. Amma kamin su shirya suzo, sai wasu daga cikin turawan guda biyu suka zo dan su duba sugani meke tafiya sai sukai musu labari susan wane irin zuwa zasuyi, amma dukkansu guda biyu ba wanda yakoma gida babau labarinsu.

dagananne sai turawan suna ta shakka akan yaya zasuyi game da wanna zuwa afrika dan duk wanda aka tura shi, sai suji shiru balabarinsa shiya kowa ance masa yazo sai yace a'a, daga bisani kuma sai wani wanda ake cemasa "Mango Park" yace zai zo, suka cemasa zaka iya zuwa afrika, yace eh zai iyazuwa, suka karamacewa, duk wanda muka tura zuwa afrika fa baya zuwa kuma bamusan ko ankasheshi ba, ko yana nan da rai, yace yayarda zai je, zuciyarsa ne kawai tagayamasa yazo ba wai sai anbiyashi kudi ba ko wani abu shi kawai zai je zuwa afrika.

Bari Muyi Bayani Game Da Haifuwarsa Wato "Mango Park"

Shi "Mango Park" mutumine wanda aka haifeshi dake kasar Ingila, kuma mahaifinsa ake kiransa Mr. Park kuma shi manomine a ingila, ya auri mata a kasar ta "Scotland' kuma ta haifa masa yara guda guma sha uku, amma shi Mango Park shine na shida daga cikin yaran da ya haifa, kuma nahaifesi ne 10 ga watan satumba a shekara ta (1771). Kuma yafar karatunsa ne a gida dan babansa ya ajiyashi ne a hannun wani dan yakoya masa karatu, daga nan ne sai yafa jin wasu labari game da rayuwa na ban soro game da rayuwan duniya.

Shi Mango Park sai yasa wannan abin a cikin rayuwarsa ta yaga yayi yawon duniya, sai yafar bin zuwa wata kasa da ake cemasa "Indies" shima makushi kasar india ne daga nan sai yajuyo zuwa afrika.


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